Free Essays on Genders Difference

The Development of Gender Roles in Children In a society filled with gender stereotypes and biases, children often adopt gender roles which are not always equal to both males and females. As children move on through childhood and later into adolescence many factors influence their views and behaviors towards gender roles. These attitudes and behaviors are learned initially in the home, and later reinforced by many other outside influences such as their school experiences, friends, teachers, and television. Children turn out to internalize many of the gender stereotypes and behaviors of the past. Where are these stereotypes coming from? The strongest influence on gender development occurs in the home, with parents passing on many of the beliefs they have about gender roles. Children learn at a young age what it means to be a boy or a girl in our society. Through opportunities, encouragement and discouragement, obvious behaviors, covert suggestions, and various types of guidance, child ren experience the formation of their gender role socialization. It is hard for children to grow into adults without experiencing some form of gender bias or gender stereotyping, whether it be that boys are supposed to be tough or girls supposed to be gentle.The Development of Gender Roles in Children In a society filled with gender stereotypes and biases, children often adopt gender roles which are not always equal to both males and females. As children move on through childhood and later into adolescence many factors influence their views and behaviors towards gender roles. These attitudes and behaviors are learned initially in the home, and later reinforced by many other outside influences such as their school experiences, friends, teachers, and television. Children turn out to internalize many of the gender stereotypes and behaviors of the past. Where are these stereotypes coming from? The strongest influence on gender development occurs in the home, wi... Free Essays on Genders' Difference Free Essays on Genders' Difference The Development of Gender Roles in Children In a society filled with gender stereotypes and biases, children often adopt gender roles which are not always equal to both males and females. As children move on through childhood and later into adolescence many factors influence their views and behaviors towards gender roles. These attitudes and behaviors are learned initially in the home, and later reinforced by many other outside influences such as their school experiences, friends, teachers, and television. Children turn out to internalize many of the gender stereotypes and behaviors of the past. Where are these stereotypes coming from? The strongest influence on gender development occurs in the home, with parents passing on many of the beliefs they have about gender roles. Children learn at a young age what it means to be a boy or a girl in our society. Through opportunities, encouragement and discouragement, obvious behaviors, covert suggestions, and various types of guidance, child ren experience the formation of their gender role socialization. It is hard for children to grow into adults without experiencing some form of gender bias or gender stereotyping, whether it be that boys are supposed to be tough or girls supposed to be gentle.The Development of Gender Roles in Children In a society filled with gender stereotypes and biases, children often adopt gender roles which are not always equal to both males and females. As children move on through childhood and later into adolescence many factors influence their views and behaviors towards gender roles. These attitudes and behaviors are learned initially in the home, and later reinforced by many other outside influences such as their school experiences, friends, teachers, and television. Children turn out to internalize many of the gender stereotypes and behaviors of the past. Where are these stereotypes coming from? The strongest influence on gender development occurs in the home, wi...

14 Strategies for Writing Better College Papers

14 Strategies for Writing Better College Papers Learning how to write solid college papers is literally half the battle with most majors. In this 3-minute article we’ve broken down the 14 most effective strategies involved. Breeze through each one and ingest them at your leisure. 1. Adjust Your Writing Attitude No, writing doesn’t suck, but your attitude might. College writing is actually quite fun and engaging once you get into it. Make it easy on yourself and just settle into the papers as they come. Accept them. Commit to them. 2. Get Interested Intrigued Part of adjusting your attitude is getting personally invested and interested in the subject. The more involved you are the higher the quality in most cases. Your personality will come through. The things you learn will be genuine. The paper won’t feel forced. Get it? 3. Master the Craft of Outlining Once swept away into the passion of writing (expression), it’s easy to get artsy and try to wing it. Don’t. Instead, make it a habitual practice to get an outline drawn up. Love them. Outlines are just structure to help your thoughts mold along certain parameters. Without them you can find yourself either a) mid-paper and at a dead end, or b) mid-paper and completely off the radar. 4. Get a Second Opinion Show your initial outlines and drafts to other people. If your friends and family aren’t interested, then find people who are. Or, pay someone a couple bucks. It’s worth it. A second pair of eyes can tell you things that are simply invisible to you as the writer. 5. Begin Writing Sooner rather than Later Even if the paper isn’t due for three months, be engaged and working on it from day one. However, don’t try to turn it in super early. There’s no real benefit to doing so other than saving mental space perhaps. Otherwise just take all the time you have and relax. Craft something amazing because you’ve got plenty of time. 6. Visit a Writing Center Once in a While Yeah, really! Grab your outline/draft and head over to the writing center. See what kinds of things they say. Critiques are worth their weight in proverbial gold. They’ll help you edit/polish as well as nail down your thesis. Plus, they know everything about all the small formatting details (more on this in a moment). 7. Don’t Freaking Plagiarize! It’s so tempting! Yes, you can definitely use quotes and cite small supportive paragraphs from relevant sources but there’s a limit. Now, aside from that it’s also quite tempting to try and just copy/paste someone else’s thinking†¦don’t do it. Professors these days have many tools at their disposal to find duplicate content. 8. Let Your Thesis Evolve By beginning the writing process as early as possible you give it lots of time to naturally evolve or settle on the primary thesis you’re searching for. Go with the flow, but stick to deadlines. Give your thesis room to breathe. Don’t stay so narrowed in focus/perspective that you end up with a narrow paper (something most professors are likely to dock you on). 9. Start Thinking Analyzing like a Professor Speaking of professors, look at your thesis statement, outline and drafts like a professor would. If you aren’t sure what your professor will say, then show it to them! Throughout the process try to step into their shoes and critique yourself. It helps. It’s a sobering practice. 10: Spend Serious Time on Formatting The writing center can really help here. All the many formatting details with citing courses, subtitles, adding graphs/charts, etc. can be daunting at first. Instead of wasting tons of time doing it yourself, get some help until it becomes like second nature. Little errors add up fast! 11. Be Creatively Risky In essence college really isn’t a time to strictly follow the rules and conform. Don’t be afraid to test professors and truly express yourself. Don’t be afraid to bend the rules a little as long as it doesn’t have to do with the technicalities. Like, as long as your paper is well-written, though out, formatted correctly and clear, it’s going to be hard for a professor to dock you even if you went a little left field. 12. Let Information Marinate Never underestimate the power of absorbing ideas/concepts and then letting it marinate in your mind or subconscious where ideas form. Let it sit and settle. Let the information coagulate and mold together naturally. Don’t force writing. Follow your gut instincts here. 13. Learn to Take Thorough Notes If you ditch class and skimp on notes it will translate into more hours researching. Take proper notes with your paper in mind. 14. Don’t Forget to Think Critically This is serious business and seriously lacking in America today. Be objective as possible, and then color that cold data with your subjective self. Get it? Be critical. Think critically. Deduce things critically. Okay all you aspiring and accomplished college paper writers out there, how do you do it? Share your wisdom!

Evolution of Management Theory Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evolution of Management Theory - Case Study Example Classical theory is essentially a grouping of similar ideas on the management of organizations that developed in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s.This theory contains three general branches.Quintessentially, the theory emphasizes on economic rationality of the individual employee at work. The Rational economic view was based on the ideas if the 18th-century economist, Adam Smith. According to this school of thought, people are motivated by economic gains, therefore they key to drive employees was a monetary reward. Another noteworthy development of the classical period was the introduction of scientific management.F W Taylor is known as the father of scientific management. His contribution to the practice of management is widely recognized. Taylor was the first one to introduce a scientific approach to the study and practice of management. The essence of scientific management can be encapsulated in the following four ideas: 1. Each job should be divided into parts and a scientific method for performing each part should be determined. 2. The method of recruiting and training employees should be scientific as well. 3. Co-operation between the workers and management was regarded paramount to achieve a desirable outcome of the tasks performed. 4. Lastly, an emphasis was laid on the idea of division of labor.Managers were to supervise, plan and instruct whereas the workers were expected to carry out the execution part. Further on, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth refined Taylor’s methods. 's methods. They were also pioneers in the field of management and their most important contribution is the time and motion series and emphasis on improving efficency.The components of time and motion series are-break down each action into elements, find better ways to perform it, reoraganize each action to be more efficient. The Gilbreths also studied fatigue problems, lighting, heating and other worker issues. Administrative principles: Another group of classical theorists dealt with the operations of an organization as a whole unlike the aforementioned pioneers who focused mainly on individual workers. The Administrative theorist sought the most optimum way to combine jobs and people into an efficient organization. One of the forerunners of

Essay 4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

4 - Essay Example the minority) have to share and distribute to those without, and yields are also continuing to drop as the price of fuel needed to transport the crops to various areas increases with reduced fossil fuel. According to the national geographic article by Bourne (2009), this reduction in the food culminated with the increasing population will in future lead to severe food shortage as the production and the distribution continues to dwindle by the day. 2. What are the pros and cons of large scale monoculture farming? Be sure to include its impact things like soil, water, air, nutrient availability, ecosystem services, climate change, disease and pests, etc. Monoculture is the planting of only one type of crop on large tracts of land for industrial purposes (Despommier, 2009). There are several disadvantages associated with this type of agriculture. Since the crops are wanted to yield more as they are for large scale use, there is an increased use of pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers and other chemicals all of which end up harming the soil and even reducing the nutrients available in the soil. Nutrients availability is also reduced as most of the crops in monoculture (which include tea, trees, soya and sugarcane among others) do not provide nutrients to the soil when compared to the diversity of crops planted by small scale farmers. Water is mostly contaminated by the chemicals making it not consumable. The advantage of this type of farming as explained by Despommier (2008) is the reduction in diseases and pests as a result of the constant pesticide and herbicides used. As most of the crops are trees, there is reduced wind and soil erosion as well as a reduction in the carbon dioxide which is an advantage to climate changes and reduces global warming. The air is also fresh and cold which is good for the ecosystem. 3. What are some large scale and local scale solutions to providing food, minimizing impacts on ecosystems, enhancing ecosystem services, and building

Pricing strategy Essay Example for Free

Pricing strategy Essay Home depot is a store dealing with home appliances and other household consumables. I will look at the pricing strategy of refrigerators. Most prices of different brands of refrigerators are set to match the prices of their competitors. This is because mostly the competitors are operating in the same environment. it is essential to offer better quality brands with the same price as competitors. However when setting the price, the objective is to ensure profitability of the firm is taken care by the price set. The profit firm must incorporate capital requirements and the associated gains that cover the expenses of the organization. Always the profit considered in price setting is equals to price less cost of sales. While capital gains is equivalent the current assets and fixed assets running costs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In choosing the target, market for refrigerator is made during the construction of sores. However the in which they are operating attracts the customers. Take an example of the New York most people have excess disposable income to spend and there are utilities that support the refrigerator in almost all homes.   The company has reported that they have high expectation in the stead rise through to 2025 for product. Another important factor in the increase of consumers are the aging population with large pensions and young business executives with more excessive funds. In fact, this two groups forms an important consumer segment of home depot refrigerators. The customer has carried the consumer assessment they have adapted market oriented determination and differential.   References   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Schaik J.L., (2002); The Task of Marketing Management; J.L. van Schaik (Pity) ltd

English Laws of the 17th Century Which Led to the Persecution of Quaker

English Laws of the 17th Century Which Led to the Persecution of Quakers Barbara Blaugdone’s â€Å"An Account of the Travels, Sufferings, and Persecutions of Barbara Blaugdone† recounts her many arrests as she travels through England and Ireland, preaching Quaker beliefs. Her experience was certainly not unique, as many Quakers were similarly persecuted, including George Fox, the founder of the Society of Friends. There were three primary laws in effect at the time of Blaugdone’s travels: The Uniformity Act of 1662, the Vagrancy Act of 1596 and the Blasphemy Act of 1650. The Uniformity Act of 1662 under Charles II, which was preceded by similarly named acts in 1549, 1552 and 1559, sought to restore the dominance of the Church of England by establishing a set form of worship, which included compiling a new version of the Book of Common Prayer (Keir 240). The use of this book was mandatory at all religious services. Additionally, this Act made church attendance mandatory every Sunday, under the penalty of a fine of 12 pence (Thomas 1). This directly contradicted the Quak...

Marketing: Strategic Innovation in Globally Diverse Markets Essay

Personalized marketing (sometimes referred to as one-to-one marketing) is the marketer attempt to provide the customer individual attention through a variation of methods. Personalized marketing is a strategic approach which involves tailoring products differently for each and every consumer while retaining the principles of mass production. One-to-one marketing is attributable to two converging phenomena: the interactive flow of information made possible by robots and just-in-time inventory (Lampel & Mintzer, 1996, p. 1). In order for a company to be effective in personalized marketing, the company must be able to gather information on the target individual. Today, with the power of technology this is a widespread practice on the Internet. The Internet provides a medium to make one-on-one personalization practical for a variety of firms (Schibsted, 2001). For example, a web page may establish cookies and track the buying habits of the customer. Based on the customer buying habits, advertisements are geared towards that individual. An example of personalized marketing is something I witness on a regular bases, but did not realize it was referred to as personalized marketing. I consistently purchase items through Amazon. com, in which I typically purchase books. Amazon. com routinely sends me emails, informing me of sales or populates my home page with advertisements relating to certain categories of books I typically purchase. As pointed out by Vesanen, (2007), developments in information and communication technologies have opened up new opportunities to collect and analyze data and implement personalized marketing (p. 09). In today’s market there is an increase in customer satisfaction. In order for businesses to succeed and be competitive they must be in tune to the customer needs and wants. Marketing to the individual customer can be profitable to the company as long as the method of gathering the data and establishing personalization is not complex. As studied by Goldsmith & Frieden (2004), data warehouses allow companies to store trillions of bytes of consumer information. Computer controlled factory equipment , and industrial robots can quickly readjust assembly lines. Bar code scanners make it possible to track parts and products. The Internet ties it all together and makes it easy for a company to interact with customers, learn about their preferences, and respond. Personalize marketing can benefit some companies; however it would be much more difficult for a store to personalized catalogs, pamphlets, or fliers for each of its customers, by proposing deals, rebates and reductions based on the customers shopping habits. Not only would it be difficult, but it would not be cost effective for a company to engage in this type of personalization. Personalization can take many forms, from the customization of Web sites to the customization of products. Whatever the extent of it, it is an expensive and time-consuming activity. While Amazon is the leader in this type of customization, few others are succeeding (Goldsmith & Frieden). Dynamic Pricing Dynamic pricing is broadly defined as the buying and selling of goods and services in markets where prices are free to adjust in response to supply and demand conditions at the individual transaction level (Garbarino & Lee, 2003, p. 495). From a business point of view, dynamic pricing is a profitable concept in personalized marketing. For example, a customer may go to a car dealer and do not see the car they would like on the lot. Therefore, a car is ordered with exact specifications and because of the specialty requirements the price of the car increases, making the transaction profitable for the business. Dynamic pricing enables the business to increase the price on an item; strengthen customers’ allegiance, along with enhancing customer satisfaction. Carroll & Coastes (1999) state that economics define price discrimination as the practice of charging multiple prices for the same good where the difference in price is based on a difference in demand rather than cost. There are three degrees of pricing models commonly used in the retail marketplace: * First-degree price discrimination – different prices are charged based on what the buyer is willing to pay * Second-degree price discrimination – offers a variety of pricing options * Third-degree price discrimination – market-segmentation pricing (Garbarino & Lee, p. 498). From a business stand point, first-degree price discrimination is more profitable because it obtains the maximum value of the item. However, from a consumer stand point second-degree price discrimination can offer more value to the customer. It allows customers to choose the pricing option that will work for them, based on their desires and requirements. Online Retailers versus Offline Retailers The materialization of online retailers is compelling retailers to reassess their business practices and the use of technology. Integrating online and offline channels are very much on the minds of retailers, and it is forcing them to understand how to manage relationships across multiple channels. Retailers need to understand who their customers are, understand their behavior, and execute seamlessly across those channels (Beasty, 2006). Online retailing is the fastest growing channel in which consumers purchase products. Integrating online retailing with offline retailing comes with numerous problems. The consumer may see a product in the store for one price and see that same item online at a different price. Retailers compete nationally and locally on prices and products. Someone in Florida may not want to purchase the same products as someone in Washington D. C. or you may have a retailer located in California, but the company’s web site can be accessed by anyone that can utilize the web. According to study by Beasty, (2006), you mainly see this problem when consumer purchasing is based primarily on price. For example, a PlayStation is a PlayStation no matter where you purchase it, but saving $20 makes a big difference to customers. Another example is a few years ago Circuit City gave one price online, another price in their ad, and a different price in the store, all for the same item, without any explanation as to why (para. 6). This leaves the consumer frustrated, confused and a lack of understanding. Francis, (2007) studies states that one size does not fit all in the Internet retailing marketplace. The author categorized Internet retailing as follows: * Offline goods – items such as, books, groceries, and CDs are purchased and the consumer disengage from the web site and wait for their order to be delivered * Offline services – consumer pay for or book services, such as, travel, event tickets, and hotels online than travel to an offline service deliver location * Electronic-goods – the consumer purchase and download their products, such as software, MP3s, and digital books directly from a website; and * Electronic Services – the consumer purchase, co-produce, and consume the core service, such as banking, brokerage, chat/dating services via a web site. Online retailers must recognize the difference variations in online shopping and ensure customers’ requirements are effectively and properly addressed. Traditional methods of advertising include billboards, TV commercials, radio ads and posters. Companies still use the traditional methods of advertising , but they use the Internet to their advantage by incorporating new advertising with traditional advertising. The habits of today’s consumer dictate the method of advertising for a company to stay competitive. The invention of the TV digital video recorders (DVRs) and the consumer fast-forwarding through commercials makes TV advertising less effective in today’s marketplace. To remain relevant and competitive companies have a multitude of different formats of online advertising, such as banner ads, pop-up ads, floating ads, streaming sidebar ads, pull banner ads, and text ads, just to name a few. In addition, many companies ask you to â€Å"like† their link, in which the company’s page is now on your Facebook or Twitter page. This enables Facebook or Twitter to determine your shopping habits, and you can visit a company’s site right from you social media page. Offline stores has responded to the competition of online retailers by sending out a variety of advertisements, such as direct-mail flyers, catalogs, television, via mobile phones, and the Internet. In addition, offline stores have responded by increasing their presence on the web as well as creating appealing experience within the offline store. Today, many offline stores are dominating the online market with their presence. Even though, online shoppers experience a delay in receiving their product, online stores are continuously improving the delivery turnaround time. In addition, most online stores do not charge taxes, include free shipping, and offer free returns or exchanges. However, some online companies may charge a low-price for an item, but compensate by charging higher prices for shipping and handling. Nevertheless, most online stores are growing faster than offline store. The expansion of the Internet has increased the variety of pricing models available, for example: * Per-user model – involves either a flat fee per user or a tiered fee structure based on the level of use * Per-transaction model – a rate structure is developed to account for different automated processes or functions * Percentage-of-revenue model – is like the per-transaction model in that the monthly fee will fluctuate as the level of activity changes; it differs, however, in that the model is tied to the amount of revenue the user generates each month * Fixed-fee model – a lump-sum monthly fee that covers products and services specified in the contract. Fixed-fee pricing models typically appeal to organizations that want costs to be predictable (Turisco, 2000). The online retailer has to determine which pricing model fits their needs and which pricing model will benefit the company financially and satisfy the consumer. In addition, the company must also consider their overhead and their anticipated growth. Globalization Influence and Marketing Trends Even though, globalization has brought benefits between nations, it has also brought universal problems between nations. According to Kearney, (2003), â€Å"September 11 was a gruesome vindication of the argument that global integration had widened the gap between the haves and have-nots†. The author further argues â€Å"that the persistence of al Quada underscores how hard it is for governments to stamp out stateless, decentralized networks that move freely, quickly, and stealthily across national borders to engage in terror†. Marketers need to recognize the pros and cons of globalization, utilize the benefits, and do not become submerse with complex situations that come with globalization. Authors Reddy & Vyas (2004) reviewed 10 pros and cons associated with globalization from a marketing perspective. The pros included: economic growth, rapid technology transfer, more countries becoming democracies, the rapid spread of free enterprise system, unification of culture, living norms, and work ethic, increased communication through the Internet and other media, instant news worldwide, worldwide improvement of health and living conditions, people living longer, and multinational corporations. The cons included: increased unemployment in developed countries, increased trade deficit in developed countries, terrorism, loss of competitiveness in developed nations, poorer nations feel taken advantage of by advanced nations, increased economic gap between the rich and poor nations, some countries feel their norms and religious practices are violated, comparisons with rich nations make poorer nations unhappy, increased pollution through manufacturing and transport worldwide, the spread of Aids, West Nile virus, and various kinds of flu and other diseases. Globalization is regarded with much criticism, however, globalization will continue. There may be some containment of rapidity because of tightening of the borders, demands for intellectual property protection, setting up firewalls for Internet communication, but the movement continues (Reddy & Vyas, 2004, p. 169). Firms and governments that are aware of the positives and negatives involved with globalization will be able to develop a better approach towards globalization. Influence of Online Today’s technology has changed communication and the way marketers get their message out to the consumer. The rapid diffusion of multipurpose smart phones, broadband and wireless Internet connections, and ad-skipping DVRs have eroded the effectiveness of the mass media (Kotler & Keller, 2012, p. 476). Marketers were able to reach consumers via three television channels 80% of the time in the 60s. Today, marketers would have to run the same information on at least 100 channels to get the same results. Marketers are using technology to reach a broader audience, but at the same time consumers are using technology to fight back. Consumers feel they are receiving numerous ads that have no bearing on their lives. Internet users are taking advantage of new software to block spam and pop-up ads (Nunes & Merrihue, 2007) and telemarketers are being stopped by caller ID and the â€Å"Do not call registry† to prevent disruptions at home. Marketers are answering back by applying alternative solutions. Per Nunes & Merrihue (2007), there are four strategies available to companies that want to reach broad groups of people without breaking their marketing budget. * Bottlenecks – places where people cannot help being stopped, such as subway, elevators, airplanes, or bathroom * Trojan horse approach – placing advertisements on frequently encountered materials, such as coffee cups and pay stubs * Get the attention of consumers at play outside their homes – placing advertisements on adult play thing, such as a golf cart * Extends the third strategy – seeks to get people to play along, using interactive technology in public spaces (p. 64). These types of tactics can target a broad range of consumers with various forms of advertisement that cannot be turned off. The Internet has affected retailers approach to advertising and promoting their products or services. It is vital for companies to develop an effective brand to gain competitive advantage in the marketplace. The Internet opens up opportunity for the consumer to provide feedback regarding products and services, which has a significant impact on the retailer, whether the feedback is positive or negative. The Internet also allows the retailer to be more creative based on feedback from the consumer in a number of online communities. The communication channels to the consumer have expanded in number as well as complexity with the global expansion of the Internet and related information technology based products and services. Information technology has dramatically changed how consumers process (or avoid) information delivered by marketing professionals and has eroded the effectiveness of media advertising. The reason for this erosion is due to fragmentation of retail audiences caused by the introduction enhanced media sources such as cable television, blogs, video-on-demand, webcasting, video games, websites, digital video recorders, and multi-functional communication devices (cell phones). The result of these technological and media advancements creates a shift in bargaining power give consumers choices about how, when, and where they consume information (SCH Management Consultants, 2011). The evolution of the Internet has altered the way the consumer and the marketer relate to one another and also how the consumer purchase products and services. The consumer today is more educated, more income at their disposal, and have multiple ways to obtain information; therefore the Internet cannot be disregarded by the retailer. According to SCH Management Consultants, (2011) retailers seeking to expand their brand into the online environment will need to invest in the online experience, as part of a multichannel strategy, to reinforce and complement the in-store experience. For example, if customer service is a key differentiator in a retail store, then the experience should be replicated by providing interactive help, rich media (video) demonstrations, and product comparisons. Consumers will demand the ability to order online and retrieve/return the product at the supplier’s storefront or other distribution points. The retailer that understands the art of engaging with the customer via the Internet has a better chance of appropriately marketing their products to the consumer and establishing a lasting relationship.

Ehe novel by Charles Dickens Essay

The most predominant theme in the two poems is that of sheer desperation. The notion of hope and hopelessness is effectively conveyed, representing the poet’s anger at the absence of democracy and equanimity in society. They struggle to restrain this frustration towards the outrageous political and social racism made against ethnic minorities in the way they have been. However, thematically, the way the oppressed deal with the unjust and prejudiced policies installed into society differs greatly between the poems. In Nothing’s Changed the poet returns to the wasteland that was once his home, and relives the anger he felt when the area was first destroyed. When confronted with the new hotels and the restaurants, which are surrounded by the poverty and suffering – his deep content forces him to want to destroy the restaurant – â€Å"with a stone or a bomb†. This makes him reflect that despite the changing political situation, there are still huge inequalities between blacks and whites. Nothing’s changed. Therefore, the subdued message in â€Å"Nothing’s Changed† is the Whereas, in Not my business a different message is conveyed, as in the beginning stanzas Osundare sits back, grateful he is safe, as those around him are taken away. Eventually, he too is taken away and the reader is left with the distressing and uninspiring ending. The poem runs parallel to a quote which came through from the most devastating human conflict in history, World War Two, Edmund Burke once said that â€Å"all that is needed for evil to triumph is for good men to do nothing. † This concept is particularly relevant in the poem and reflects the general theme of it, the way Osundare is allowing the government to act, rather than protesting. Similarly, both poems have a memorable last line. Afrika writes â€Å"Nothing’s Changed† for his last line and because the last line and the title are the same, a cycle is suggested, that simply nothing’s changed, and never will. It also suggests that he is returning to district six after his campaigning, and finds despite the removal of all the â€Å"whites only† signs, the town is still filled with prejudice. In Not my business. The theme of social division and the poet’s thoughts on them is a clear one throughout all the poems. In Nothing’s Changed, Tatamkhulu Afrika comments on how even though district six has ended its apartheid, people are still prejudiced towards black people, when he writes â€Å"whites only inn. No sign says it is: but we know where we belong† Afrika develops a sense of desperation and longing for a place or ideal society. He is desperate for district six before the apartheid, when people of all races and beliefs lived peacefully, as he says â€Å"No board says it is: but my feet know†. He finds himself longing for the past, when he was a member of the African National Congress, fighting against apartheid. The anger of the poet comes through as he reflects on his childhood, â€Å"his hands burn for a stone, a bomb, to shiver down the glass† of the Inn, as he did when he was younger. All three poems compare two ways of life. In Nothing’s Changed, Afrika compares his life with the ANC, fighting for equal rights, to his life now, after his ‘victory’, where prejudice still remains. Furthermore, through consistency and regulation in the structure the poets reflect the relentlessness of government regime and ongoing racial attitudes. Despite the morally unjust and unsubstantiated discrimination which still exists, there are no breaks in the poems and this represents the way racism has become embedded into society and people’s lives, so much so that the poets see no reason to stop the fluency of the poem because of it. On the other hand, this consistency in the structure could relate to the emotional state of the poet and their reaction to the injustices progressing in the poem. In Nothing’s Changed the structure appears regulated, implying the poet is managing to keep his emotions in check and accept the racism in South Africa. However, within the stanza’s there are irregular line breaks and punctuation giving the poem a sense of choppiness, suggesting there are internal issues which the poet is struggling to control as the poem becomes progressively unfair. These line breaks and irregularities may, alternatively, symbolise the way that the government claim to have ended the apartheid and it appears over, however there are still underlying issues which exist in society. In addition, the punctuation creates speed and therefore tension, which creates a sense of ambiguity; the regularity of the stanza construction, evoking the concept of detached rationalism, contrasting with the wildly fluctuating line length, suggesting that the poet is struggling to contain his emotion. This structure successfully encapsulates the interior conflicts existing in South Africa. Whereas, In Not my Business the stanzas appear regular to represent the implacable government regime, inflicted on the oppressed peoples. The repetition of the sentence lengths and stanzas implies that, despite the death and kidnapping, the poet does not see it important enough to break the consistent structure. This poignant message optimises the idea of the whole poem that if there is not a will to protest, evil will go on and ultimately succeed. Finally, in the last stanza the indented few lines of â€Å"what business is it of mine? â€Å", which seem to have been catching up with the poet throughout, are replaced with a full stop representing finality. Finally, the use of linguistic techniques, most predominantly the use symbolism, is most effective in helping the two poets convey the meaningful and differing messages intended. An important image in Nothing’s changed is that of the â€Å"glass† which shuts out the speaker in the poem. It is a symbol of the divisions of colour, and class – often the same thing in South Africa. As he backs away from it at the end of the poem, Afrika sees himself as a â€Å"boy again†, who has left the imprint of his â€Å"small, mean mouth† on the glass. He wants â€Å"a stone, a bomb† to break the glass – he may wish literally to break the window of this inn, but this is clearly meant in a symbolic sense. He wants to break down the system, which separates white and black, rich and poor, in South Africa. In Not my Business the image of the jeep is effective in personifying the government as threatening and monstrous. The jeep is symbolic of the establishment throughout the poem, it appears a like a predator, as it â€Å"stuffed him down the belly† implying they are monstrous and ruthless toward the victims. The government seem like a faceless and impersonal tyrant, who through bribing the people of their â€Å"yam† are enforcing a deadly regime that, much like the Nazi one, see’s people taken away randomly, to die. The range and extent of the vocabulary used differs mostly between Not my Business and Nothing Changed. In Nothing’s changed Afrika is very detailed in his description of the wasteland. The â€Å"purple flowering† represents the White population at the beginning of the poem. The purple connotes royalty and class representing their superior position in society. The â€Å"flowering† implies growth and development, perhaps, socially, the problems getting worse and the racism is becoming stronger. This juxtaposes the â€Å"amiable weeds† which relates to the Blacks position, the way they are out of place and unwanted in society. The Blacks have removed them like an owner of a garden would remove a weed. Moreover, the images in the poem – of the wasteland itself, the expensive restaurant, and the working man’s cafe – are sharply contrasted to create a sense of division, mirroring the division within the country itself and within the poet’s mind. The stark difference In Nothing’s Changed, Afrika says the Inn is â€Å"flaring like a flag† meaning it is glaringly bright. Flaring has another meaning: spreading gradually outwards, which is relevant to Afrika’s feelings, as the Inn’s whites only prejudice is spreading throughout district six.

Investigating cratering on the moon Essay Example

Investigating cratering on the moon Essay Example Investigating cratering on the moon Essay Investigating cratering on the moon Essay I am planning to investigate factors that affect the diameter and depth of a crater formed when a meteorite strikes the moons surface. The moon is covered with a powdered crust. When meteorites strike the surface we obtain impact craters. To simulate this without actually going to the moon I shall drop a ball bearing into a tray of dry sand. Variables Variables that might affect the outcome of this experiment: * Height (The higher up, the more speed the bearing will pick up) * Size of bearing (This will determine how much sand will collide with the bearing as it falls) * Mass of Bearing (The heavier, the faster and with more force the ball will fall) * Depth of the sand (If too shallow some craters may not properly form as they might hit the base of the tray) * Velocity (this will depend on the mass and height) * Flat sand surface (Must be smooth and same depth for fair test) * Type of sand (If too dense or big particles the bearing may not displace as much) * Angle of impact from the bearing (This would affect the width and depth of crater as the bearing would go in at an angle so the ball wont have to balance force with the compression of sand underneath) I will take 10 results (100mm through to 1000mm) and then do them again in total of 3 times and then take the average of the 3 tests to give a wide and reliable range. I am going to change the height from bearing and the surface of the sand. I will try and keep the other variables the same during the experiment (this is to keep it a fair test). I am going to use the same bearing so the size + mass will stay the same; I am going to drop the bearing from the same angle (horizontally) and will try to keep the surface of the sand as even as possible because if the bearing hit a small stone in the sand it would cause more friction and an upward force due to the larger surface area of the stone compared to a grain of sand. To make this a fair test I will: * Try to get the surface of the sand as smooth and same depth as posible * Use a clamp to keep accurate heights. * Use all of the same equipment each time I use it, including the same bearing so there will be no size or weight differences. Method * Tray (for the sand) * Ruler (1 meter) * Ball bearing (15mm diameter, 15.5g) * Clamp (1 meter tall), boss + clamp * Sand (fine sand) * Magnet * Vernier Calliper How to do the test * Fill a the tray about half full with sand. * Set up the apparatus like so: * Drop the bearing from the clamp at a height of 200 1000mm (in 100mm steps) * Use a magnet to lift the bearing out from the crater. * Record the dimensions of the crater with the Vernier Calliper. * Record the results * Fill the hole and smooth the surface ready for the next test. * Do the hole experiment two more times Prediction I predict that if the height (from which the bearing is dropped) is doubled, the depth of the crater will double. I chose the depth instead of width because the bearing can only go up to a certain width because the displacement will only work while the bearing is above the sand surface once below there will be no displacement above ground. This equation proves my prediction: Ep = Weight x height As the bearing is dropped, potential energy transfers into kinetic energy. When the bearing hits the surface of the sand, an upward force (work) causes it to slow down and stop. Work done = Force x Distance Stopping distance = work done force work done = energy transfer force = mass (10N) e.g. A bearing (0.5kg) and is held 5 meters above the surface of the sand. Its is: Mass x Gravity x Height = potential energy 0.5 x 10 x 5 = 25J So, before the bearing hits the sand it has 25J of kinetic energy. Braking Distance = Work done force = 5J/2.5N = 2 Results: Height from bottom of the ball to sand surface Diameter (mm) 1st 2nd 3rd Average 100 25 25 27 26 200 33 30 30 31 300 37 37 34 36 400 37 42 37 39 500 43 40 36 41 600 48 42 39 43 700 48 47 38 44 800 48 50 42 47 900 50 51 44 48 1000 54 50 46 50 Height Depth (mm) 1st 2nd 3rd Average 100 3 5 6 5 200 4 7 5 5 300 6 10 7 8 400 8 10 8 9 500 8 12 10 10 600 9 13 11 11 700 10 14 12 12 800 10 14 12 12 900 12 15 13 13 1000 13 15 14 14 Analysis My results did not provide evidence towards my prediction. So my prediction was not accurate. The Depth of the crater is not doubled if the height is doubled. The line of best fit shows 2mm of depth vs. 200 height. So the graph shows roughly that the depth is a 1:100 ratio against the height. The results on both graphs show a rise in a steady trend. My prediction could be wrong because I didnt take into account that friction caused by the sand will affect the end result. The displacement of the sand as the ball strikes the surface would also have an effect on the stopping distance, because kinetic energy will transfer into heat and sound energy easier. When the bearing is lifted higher above the sand surface, it potential is raised and more kinetic energy will be released when it strikes the surface. The higher the bearing hits the sand from, more sand is displaced and the ball bearings kinetic energy transfer to heat and sound, so the crater becomes wider because as the ball displaces more sand. All of my results follow an upward trend, which I expected. I also expected that the results would level off at some point, because as the ball reaches terminal velocity, it gained maximum kinetic energy and the crater cannot get any bigger in diameter or depth as the kinetic energy does not change and will not me falling without anymore force when past Terminal velocity. At this point, the line will level and becomes horizontal. This was not shown on my results but this does not mean it wouldnt happen it may have happened much later at higher drop points, but I couldnt drop the ball from much higher than I have already done. Evaluation If I was going to do this test again I would: 1. Do the experiment over at least 5 times. 2. Drop the ball from higher points (if possible) 3. Use finer sand which would make the test fairer because the bearing will not deflect off any stones or larger particles in the sand. 4. Somehow take the measurements better and more accurate, a vernier calliper is the best thing I could think of which is accurate but is easily wrong by a few millimetres. 5. Take my experiment further by using a table tennis ball with a small hole in the side to change the mass of the ball without changing the shape or air resistance of the ball. 6. Look at different velocity and see how that might affect the outcome. This could be achieved by either launching the ball from a catapult of some sort or dropping the ball from a much higher point. 7. Try different type of sands (or soil, fine gravel, etc) maybe a fine sand would have a different result than coarse sand. Because maybe the cosmic dust covering the moon isnt of the same texture. The experiment was a success in one way, that I learnt by my mistakes. But my results did not match up with my prediction so in that sense it was a failure. I dont think I took enough results, more results could have been taken to make a wider and more reliable range but that would of need more time.

F-117 Nighthawk Stealth Fighter Profile

F-117 Nighthawk Stealth Fighter Profile The Lockheed F-117A Nighthawk was the worlds first operational stealth aircraft. Designed to evade enemy radar systems, the F-117A was developed as a stealth attack aircraft by Lockheeds famed Skunk Works unit in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Though in use in by 1983, the existence of the F-117A was not acknowledged until 1988 and the aircraft was not fully revealed to the public until 1990. Though used in 1989 over Panama, the F-117As first major conflict was Operation Desert Shield/Storm in 1990-1991. The aircraft remained in service until being formally retired in 2008. Stealth During the Vietnam War radar-guided, surface-to-air missiles began to take an increasingly heavy toll on American aircraft. As a result of these losses, American planners began seeking a way to make an aircraft invisible to radar. The theory behind their efforts was initially developed by Russian mathematician Pyotr Ya. Ufimtsev in 1964. Theorizing that the radar return of a given object was not related to its size but rather its edge configuration, he believed that he could calculate the radar cross-section across a wings surface and along its edge. Utilizing this knowledge, Ufimtsev conjectured that even a large aircraft could be made stealthy. Unfortunately, any aircraft taking advantage of his theories would be inherently unstable. As the technology of the day was incapable of producing the flight computers necessary to compensate for this instability, his concepts were shelved. Several years later, an analyst at Lockheed came across a paper about Ufimtsevs theories and, as technology had sufficiently advanced, the company began developing a stealth aircraft based on the Russians work. Development Development of the F-117 began as a top secret black project at Lockheeds famed Advanced Development Projects unit, better known as the Skunk Works. First developing a model of the new aircraft in 1975 dubbed the Hopeless Diamond due to its odd shape, Lockheed built two test aircraft under the Have Blue contract to test the designs radar-defying properties. Smaller than the F-117, the Have Blue planes flew night test missions over the Nevada desert between 1977 and 1979. Utilizing the F-16s single-axis fly-by-wire system, the Have Blue planes solved the instability issues and were invisible to radar. Lockheed Have Blue test aircraft. US Air Force Pleased with the programs results, the US Air Force issued a contract to Lockheed on November 1, 1978, for the design and production of a full-sized, stealth aircraft. Led by Skunk Works chief Ben Rich, with assistance from Bill Schroeder and Denys Overholser, the design team used specially designed software to create an aircraft which used facets (flat panels) to scatter over 99% of radar signals. The final result was an odd-looking aircraft that featured quadruple-redundant fly-by-wire flight controls, an advanced inertial guidance system, and sophisticated GPS navigation. To minimize the aircrafts radar signature, designers were forced to exclude onboard radar as well as minimize the engine inlets, outlets, and thrust. The result was a subsonic attack bomber capable of carrying 5,000 lbs. of ordnance in an internal bay. Created under the Senior Trend Program, the new F-117 first flew on June 18, 1981, only a mere thirty-one months after moving into full-scale development. Designated the F-117A Nighthawk, the first production aircraft was delivered the following year with operational capability reached in October 1983. All told 59 aircraft were built and delivered by 1990. F-117A Nighthawk GeneralLength: 69 ft. 9 in.Wingspan: 43 ft. 4 in.Height: 12 ft. 9.5 in.Wing Area: 780 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 29,500 lbs.Loaded Weight: 52,500 lbs.Crew: 1PerformancePower Plant: 2 Ãâ€" General Electric F404-F1D2 turbofansRange: 930 milesMax Speed: Mach 0.92Ceiling: 69,000 ft.Armament2 Ãâ€" internal weapons bays with one hard point each (total of two weapons) Operational History Due to the extreme secrecy of the F-117 program, the aircraft was first based at isolated Tonopah Test Range Airport in Nevada as part of the 4450th Tactical Group. To aid in protecting the secret, official records at the time listed the 4450th as being based at Nellis Air Force Base and flying A-7 Corsair IIs. It was not until 1988 that the Air Force acknowledged the existence of the stealth fighter and released a fuzzy photograph of the aircraft. Two years later, in April 1990, it was publicly revealed when two F-117As arrived at Nellis during daylight hours. F-117A Nighthawk. US Air Force Gulf War With the crisis in Kuwait developing that August, the F-117A, now assigned to the 37th Tactical Fighter Wing, deployed to the Middle East. Operation Desert Shield/Storm was the aircrafts first large-scale combat debut, though two had been secretly used as part of the invasion of Panama in 1989. A key component of the coalition air strategy, the F-117A flew 1,300 sorties during the Gulf War and struck 1,600 targets. The forty-two F-117As of the 37th TFW succeeded in scoring an 80% hit rate and were among the few aircraft cleared to strike targets in downtown Baghdad. Kosovo Returning from the Gulf, the F-117A fleet was shifted to Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico in 1992 and became part of the 49th Fighter Wing. In 1999, the F-117A was used in the Kosovo War as part of Operation Allied Force. During the conflict, an F-117A flown by Lieutenant Colonel Dale Zelko was downed by a specially modified SA-3 Goa surface-to-air missile. Serbian forces were able to briefly detect the aircraft by operating their radar on unusually long wavelengths. Though Zelko was rescued, the remains of the aircraft were captured and some of the technology compromised. In the years after the September 11 attacks, the F-117A flew combat missions in support of both Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. In the latter case, it dropped the opening bombs of the war when F-117s struck a leadership target in the conflicts opening hours in March 2003. Though a highly successful aircraft, the F-117As technology was becoming outmoded by 2005 and maintenance costs were rising. F-117A Nighthawk on display at the National Museum of the US Air Force. US Air Force Retirement With the introduction of the F-22 Raptor and development of the F-35 Lightning II, Program Budget Decision 720 (issued December 28, 2005) proposed retiring the F-117A fleet by October 2008. Though the US Air Force had intended to keep the aircraft in service until 2011, it decided to begin retiring it to enable the purchase of additional F-22s. Due to the sensitive nature of the F-117A, it was decided to retire the aircraft to its original base at Tonopah where they would be partially disassembled and placed in storage. While the first F-117As left the fleet in March 2007, the final aircraft departed active service on April 22, 2008. That same day official retirement ceremonies were held. Four F-117As remained in brief service with the 410th Flight Test Squadron at Palmdale, CA and were taken to Tonopah in August 2008.

Bilingual Education in United State History Essay

Bilingual Education in United State History - Essay Example The influx of persons in the United States contributed a lot in shaping the policies that determined the Bilingual Education policy. The country witnessed many groups of people into the country like the natives, immigrants, and displaced people as a result of the World Wars amongst others. In this context, therefore, there was a dire need to lay procedures in place that would incorporate all these persons in the policies that surround Bilingual Education. In the colonial phase, the Bilingual Education schools, established before 1800, were not public and were mainly parochial schools. At this time, a great number of immigrants from Germany and France made a great initiative to come up with the Bilingual schools. Studies indicate that in these schools, English was taught amongst other subjects. Teipelke (p.1) indicates that these schools cannot be termed as bilingual schools, and probably non English schools would be a suitable name. In the mid 1850s, a mandate was passed by the Calif ornia Instruction Bureau that all schools should teach all subjects in English. By the 1870s, attempts to advance English in the country were seen. For instance, in St. Louis district, the school inspector, Mr. Harris, was gave the mandate to all teachers to start teaching English in kindergartens that incorporated German as the mode of instruction. In the late 1890s, the number of schools that used German as the mode of instruction recorded a downward trend. With this trend taking root in the United States, studies indicate that by the early 1900, there were numerous arguments that a good number of German immigrants needed to maintain their origins. The numbers of immigrants in the country were escalating; thus, a good number of individuals enrolled their children in German schools to acquire education in the German language. At this time, the United States had strengthened its muscle into joining the World War. Conflicts were evident among various countries. In relation to Bilingu al Education, key personalities of German origin needed complete abolition of German–English schools. In 1923, the State of Nebraska, following a court ruling, made a ruling that all schools in the state must use English as the only medium of instruction. All foreign languages were banned, and if needed to be taught, it had to be done after the 8th grade. English was made the first language of all persons in Nebraska, on the virtue that useful citizens can only be made through English. English was also made compulsory upon the basis that they would become good citizens and not jeopardize the state’s security. The period of 1927 was termed as the Farrington versus the Tokushige era. This era saw the upending of Hawaii’s restriction schools that taught foreign languages. In this era, parents of Japanese origin gave their arguments that they have the right to ensure their children access education despite the impositions that may be placed by the government. Most o f the parents argued that they are better placed to determine the kind of education their children should achieve, as compared to the government’s restriction. However, this was not bound to stop the government’s move to establish Bilingual Schools in the country. In the 1940s, the country witnessed a great expansion of the English Second Language programs. By 1963, the government had come up with Bilingual Educati

Marketing Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Plan - Term Paper Example SWOT analysis has identified that one-stop location and the huge Victorian house with a capacity of 600 people make Creations for You a perfect place to celebrate all kinds of functions. However, lack of awareness of customers about the new startup and huge initial investments appear to be two major weaknesses of company. To compete in a highly competitive market, the company aims to target the marketing segments through an effective promotional strategy. Both the indoor and outdoor promotional tools will be used to create awareness among the people and integrated marketing communication approach will be used however; to recover these costs and other fixed and variable costs, company will adopt a captive pricing strategy. SWOT Analysis Strengths Company has a huge Victorian home in which 600 individuals can be adjusted A client one stop location where all wedding services are available Weaknesses Being a startup company, no one knows about the company therefore, significant marketing efforts need to be put to promote the company Huge initial investments and marketing costs and less profitability Opportunities Changing thinking patterns of people such as considering marriage a big one-day event in life is favorable People are willing to spend more money on their weddings and ceremonies to maintain their social image The increasing busy routines lead the people to opt for full services like this Threats Increasing competition Easy access to wholesalers and vendors facilitate people to organize such functions very easily Increasing prices and costs of products and services can increase the costs of operations of the company Pricing Creations for You aims to offer distinct services to its customers, so that the big days of celebrations may become a beautiful part of their memories. To offer exclusive and excellent services to customers, company needs to establish a premium image in the market; therefore, company is spending huge costs on marketing and promotions. A lthough fixed costs of the company are not very high however, variable costs will be significantly high. To achieve the marketing objectives of the company, Product-line pricing strategy will be used. There are various types of pricing methods in the product-line pricing strategy including captive pricing, bait pricing, pricing line and premium pricing (Pride & Ferrell, 2007). The valuable services of the company will be offered to customers by adopting a captive pricing strategy. Captive pricing strategy is the most suitable strategy for services of the company because the customers will be attracted by keeping the prices of basic services low whereas, the prices of other services will be kept high (Pride, Hughes, & Kapoor, 2009). For example, for a specific event the Victorian home will be available at market competitive prices. The customers will get attracted when they will see the low price of the hall however, the value of the other services that will be required to organize t he entire event will be kept high for example, other than the hall charges, the per head cost, lightening cost, music system cost, floral setting or stage decoration cost etc will be offered at high prices. Therefore, captive pricing strategy will help the company to attract the customers and it will help the com