Color Barriers in The Theme for English B by Langston Hughes Essay

Through many civilizations, a elaboration arises as a prevailing force that is seen with majority of power and influence. This prevailing culture is able to affect subordinate cultures through its influential economic or political power--to impose its values, language, and ways of behaving. This imposition leads to social barriers between distinct cultures including racism and economic differences, as one culture is seen as superior over another. In history, social barriers have been established across the world in America, there were segregation laws and the civil rights movement. Martin Luther King Jr., a civil rights activist, wrote the words I Have a Dream, during a time of segregation of blacks and whites in America. The speech addresses the issues of racism as a barrier in culture, which is supposed to catch equality and inclusion to everyone. In the poem The Theme for English B by Langston Hughes, the actor discusses the influence of dominant culture on a likene ssed person in a school. Race is an aspect of dominant culture and the color of your skin is a barrier between dominant culture and lesser cultures, and it can be overcome by the physical exercise of education. Race is an aspect of dominant culture as it is a prejudgment of peoples classes and social standards by the assessment of their skin color. In The Theme for English B the author of the poem talks about dominant culture in a school setting from a black students point of view. The colored student feels that separation of the school is a sign of dominant culture I went to school there, then Durham, then here to this college on the hill to a higher place Harlem. I am the only colored student in my class (Hughes). The student feels isolated from the group because of h... ...rson to be more than can be imagined and this leads to acceptation and equality in cultures. In conclusion, race is an aspect of dominant culture and is a social barrier that can be broken thro ugh the use of education. In the narrative poem, The Theme of English B by Langston Hughes, it talks about the social barriers in education systems like colleges. Race can bring people together and also keep groups apart as cultures as another culture is seen to be more superior to the other. To stop segregation and split between groups education can be used to build one dominant culture that includes everyone for what they are made of and not by persons race. Martin Luther King saw that race was an issue and believed bringing cultures together brought to light a solution of uniting groups together under one dominant culture of being separated by social barriers.

Story in the Floor Plan :: The Metamorphosis Architecture Essays

Story in the Floor PlanThe firm hand of the architect draws straight lines on translucent paper. The lines cut across into cornersforming paths. More lines intersectforming more get ons. The rooms line up, one after an some other, leaving lengths for doors, naturally. The house is built. In The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, the narrators voice shadows this architects hand, ingraining the familial relationships and intentions of the Samsa family into the walls. The rooms of the architect are the vessels that the narrator fills with the virtuous and appalling intentions of the members of the Samsa family. In sum, the floor plan of the Samsa apartment and the familys use of space in the apartment parallel their relationships with each other and intentions towards one other. In particular, the narrator reveals the relationship between Gregor and his parents as well as their intentions towards each other through the layout of the apartment.The order of the rooms in the Samsa apartment demonstrates the relationships within the family. The main rooms are laid out linearly. The living room is the first room beyond the foyer (Kafka 16). Because Mr. Samsa and Mrs. Samsa primarily inhabit the living room, this room may represent them. There is a direct line through the foyer to Gregors room, and Gretes room is exactly behind Gregors room (6 11 15). The placement of the living room in front of Gregors room with watch to the foyer sets up the perception that Mr. and Mrs. Samsa are the dominant characters of the household. The living room leads to the outside room via the foyer, and thus, is the first room viewed by outsiders. This placement gives Mr. and Mrs. Samsa superiority everywhere Gregor and Grete. For example, Gregors manager steps into the Samsa living room from the foyer and delivers the first word of greeting (9). This first word of greeting is of course directed at Mr. and Mrs. Samsa because they are the first people that the manager perceives upon enterin g the apartment. The initial perception of Mr. and Mrs. Samsa gives them dominance over the rest of the household. However, the living room is just a faade on the face of the actual nucleus of the apartmentGregors room. His room is the heart of the apartment while the living room is just the skin. Gregors room is physically the centerthe nucleusof the apartment. Gregor himself is also the nucleus of the family because he is the sole provider for his family.

Gullivers Travels - Satire :: Gullivers Travels Essays

Gullivers Travels - Satire Gullivers Travels was write during an era of change known as the reformation Period. The way this book is written suggests some of the political themes from that time period, including the well-known satire. These themes are displayed throughout Gullivers Travels, and even sometimes reflect upon todays society. Many things in the book Gullivers Travels prove that it was set in the refurbishment Period. Some of the ways you can tell this are the clothing, the speech, the governments, and of course, the lack of technology. But these things do not prove that the book was written in the Restoration Era. Any writer from any time period after the Reformation Period could write a book similar to Gullivers Travels, which was set in the Reformation Period. What sets Swifts masterpiece apart and actually proves it was written in the time when many things were changing is the use of satire and political ideas relating to the era. One of the forms of p olitical satire is somatic in the first culture that is met by Gulliver. The Lilliputians are the embodiment of England of the time period. The Lilliputians are small people who control Gulliver through means of threats. ...when in an glaring I felt above a hundred arrows discharged into my left hand, which pricked my like so many needles and besides they shot another flight into the air, as we do bombs in Europe (Swift, 24). England was a small country that had Europe (represented by Gulliver) and many other parts of the world under their control. This example of equivalence the political situation in Europe at the time to the story is further demonstrated by using Gulliver against the Blefescan nation, much like a European nation would use a political ally. Another way that Swift uses satire against the society of the time is through the medium of science. During the Reformation period, people were scratch to questions superstitions and theories by using science to explain things. The most famous of these explanations was when Halley discovered that a comet (later named for him) made a predictable orbit around the sun. During the voyage to Laputa, Gulliver commends the Laputians on their study of comets, even saying that .

Kennedy Controversy :: essays research papers

The Kennedy ControversyNovember 22, 1963, is a day that will forever snappy in the minds of those who lived that day, and fascinate younger generations to follow. On this date in history one of Americas most prestigious, well-known and respected presidents was shot and killed by an assassins bullet. This single act sent shock waves that paralyzed the country and other nations. Eyes were turned to the United States as everyone held his or her incorporated breath wondering what was going to happen next. Ike Pappas, a reporter for WNEW in New York, remembers being sent on assignment to Dallas, Texas, to cover the assassination pull downts as they unfolded. Pappas describes his trip I ran downstairs, hailed a cab, gave the guy twenty dollars, and took then the most fantastic ride, one of the most fantastic taxi rides ever because if you will recant New York City was in a state of shock with the rest of the world, and the bridges were jammed. The telephonesyou could not make a callyo u could not get break of the city, and I just kept giving this guy twenty dollar bills saying, Get there, man, anyway you can. We went over backyards, through laundry, piles of laundries, rushing out to the airdrome (119). The government even shutdown all transportation and even closed the Mexican Border (Pappas 120). John Fitzgerald Kennedy, to many, seemed invincible because of his youth and aura of self-confidence (Ward 15). However, even the president knew how vulnerable he was. The night before that infamous day Kennedy was quoted as saying, If anyone wants to shoot a president it is not a very challenging job. All one has to do is get on a high building and a telescope rifle and there is nothing anyone can do (Restin 40). Americas fascination with John F. Kennedys sudden death has led to many theories as to who really killed John Kennedy.Soon after the loony bin from the assassination settled, the nation began to demand answers. On November 29, 1963, President Lyndon Johns on, who was sworn in an hour and a half after Kennedy was pronounced dead, formed a particular committee led by Chief Justice Earl Warren to make a thorough investigation into the assassination and report its findings. This report became known as the Warren Commission (The AssassinationAs the Plot Unfolds 71). The Commission defined the indisputable facts of the case.

Where Is Atlantis :: essays research papers

ATLANTISWhere is it?Atlantis was an ancient civilization which was destroyed in one massive explosion. Many people have searched for Atlantis but it has still not been found. According to Plato, a Grecian philosopher, Atlantis was located in the Atlantic Ocean past the pillars of Hercules, the Strait of Gibraltar. Plato has been credited with legion(predicate) scientific discoveries, but Atlantiss existence is still unproved. Plato, one of the fathers of western thought, is out sole direct source for the legend of Atlantis. His fragmentary account of the pure that was swallowed up by the sea still excited the modern mind. (Readers Digest)The story of Atlantis began about 11,000 years ago. Atlantis was the dwelling of Poseidon, the sea god in Greek mythology. Poseidon fell in love with a mortal woman, Cleito. He built an island, Atlantis, and he constructed a elaborate house in the center of the island. Poseidon built ring of land and water surrounding his house with walls on eit her side of them. Poseidon and Cleito had five sets of twin boys who would become the rulers of the island. Once the boys were old enough to rule each was given a section of the island to rule. Atlantis had a huge plain and very high mountains. Many exotic animals and plants inhabited the island. As the story goes the highly move on inhabitants slowly became corrupt. The gods called a meeting and discussed what should be done. They decided to destroy the island to punish the Atlanteans. In one massive explosion beautiful Atlantis was gone.Atlantis has been mentioned in hundreds of readings, but no(prenominal) give the exact location of the destroyed island if it really once existed. even out though the Atlanteans were advanced in technology they lost contact with their religion (Edgar Cayce)surrounding countries. Even though Atlantis was destroyed the survivors probably fled to nearby advance civilizations. Egypt did become one of the most advance civilizations in the World.Plato gives a vivid description of what Atlantis looked like in his wrightings. There was a 300 foot wide, 100 foot deep canal on Atlantis. 5.5 miles from the ocean was where the rings of water and land were located. there were one-third sets of rings. Each of the land rings were surrounded by walls which were coated in precious metals. On the continent of Atlantis there was a huge plain 330 miles great and 110 miles wide.

Japanese Cartoons as a Cultural Product Essay -- Marketing Business

The cultural product that I will be focusing on is Japanese cartoons. A more colloquial term Manga is used when referring to such comic books. I hereby focus on Manga because of its popularity and ubiquitous nature in Japan. About 35 per cent (Allen & Sakamoto, 2006) of all publications are in serial and paperback formats and they are read by people of all age groups and row (Craig. J, 2000). The prevalence and popularity of such manga suggest that it may be an accurate indicator of social norms and values in the Japanese society. This realm of the fantastic, albeit not to be interpreted literally in many instances, serve as metaphors for culture itself and speak about the world we live in today (Craig. J, 2000). Hence, this sophistication has allowed manga to spread beyond Japan to places like the other parts of Asia and the western world. As such, I find it imperative for an acute analysis of this cultural product and the crucial actors have-to doe with in its production and cons umption. To give a brief introduction to manga, they are story-driven, (audio-) visual narratives, which deal with nearly every imaginable subject (Schodt, 1996). Visually crafted, they symbolise multifarious experiences and can potentially reveal the nuances of contemporary society, like a kaleidoscope. Diverse disciplinary fields are inherent in these narratives and serve as not only pivotal points for modern Japan, but post-modern society as well. Manga evolved from sources like graffiti and picture scrolls in the capital of Japan Period (1602-1868). Although prominent from the Edo period, it was only during the post-war period which socially deemed it as a significant form of artistic expression. Post-war baby boomers and radical experiences of social change defined ... ...rom http//www.asianlang.mq.edu.au/japanese/documents/Bryce_Davis.pdf.Cubbison, L. (2005). gum anime Fans, DVDs, and the Authentic Text. The Velvet Light Trap, no. 56, Fall. Craig, J. (2000). Japan pop Insid e the world of Japanese popular culture. USA, New York M.E. Sharpe, Inc.MacWilliams, M.W. (2000). Japanese Comics and Religion Osamu Tezukas Story of the Buddha. T. J. Craig (Ed.). Armonk, N.Y M.E. Sharpe Matsui, T. (2009). Gatekeeping immaterial Cultural Products The Diffusion of Japanese Comics (Manga) in the US, 1980-2006. Tokyo, Japan Hitotsubashi University.Schodt, F.L. (1996). Dreamland Japan Writings on Modern Manga. Berkeley, California Stone Bridge Press.Wong, S.Y. (2007). The Presence of Manga in Europe and North America. Retrieved 25 November, 2010 from http//www.rthk.org.hk/mediadigest/20070913_76_121564.html.

Japanese Cartoons as a Cultural Product Essay -- Marketing Business

The cultural product that I will be focusing on is Japanese cartoons. A more than colloquial term Manga is used when referring to such comic books. I hereby focus on Manga because of its popularity and ubiquitous nature in Japan. About 35 per centime (Allen & Sakamoto, 2006) of all publications are in serial and paperback formats and they are read by people of all age groups and class (Craig. J, 2000). The prevalence and popularity of such manga betoken that it may be an accurate indicator of social norms and values in the Japanese society. This realm of the fantastic, albeit not to be taken literally in legion(predicate) instances, serve as metaphors for culture itself and speak about the world we live in today (Craig. J, 2000). Hence, this sophistication has allowed manga to spread beyond Japan to places like the another(prenominal) parts of Asia and the western world. As such, I find it imperative for an acute analysis of this cultural product and the crucial actors involved in its production and consumption. To make a brief introduction to manga, they are story-driven, (audio-) visual narratives, which deal with nearly every imaginable subject (Schodt, 1996). Visually crafted, they exemplify multifarious experiences and can potentially reveal the nuances of contemporary society, like a kaleidoscope. Diverse disciplinary fields are inherent in these narratives and serve as not only polar points for modern Japan, but post-modern society as well. Manga evolved from sources like graffiti and picture scrolls in the Edo Period (1602-1868). Although prominent from the Edo period, it was only during the post-war period which socially deemed it as a significant form of artistic expression. Post-war baby boomers and radical experiences of social change defined ... ...rom http//www.asianlang.mq.edu.au/japanese/documents/Bryce_Davis.pdf.Cubbison, L. (2005). Anime Fans, DVDs, and the Authentic Text. The Velvet clear Trap, no. 56, Fall. Craig, J. (2000). Japan po p Inside the world of Japanese popular culture. USA, New York M.E. Sharpe, Inc.MacWilliams, M.W. (2000). Japanese Comics and Religion Osamu Tezukas Story of the Buddha. T. J. Craig (Ed.). Armonk, N.Y M.E. Sharpe Matsui, T. (2009). Gatekeeping Foreign Cultural Products The Diffusion of Japanese Comics (Manga) in the US, 1980-2006. Tokyo, Japan Hitotsubashi University.Schodt, F.L. (1996). Dreamland Japan Writings on Modern Manga. Berkeley, California Stone Bridge Press.Wong, S.Y. (2007). The Presence of Manga in Europe and North America. Retrieved 25 November, 2010 from http//www.rthk.org.hk/mediadigest/20070913_76_121564.html.

A Role for Equity Theory in the Turnover Process Essay

The social function o f the present study was to examine the role o f fairness thinkable action in the context of the contemporary turnover rate serve up. A model was developed and tested with 192 hospital employees using morphologic equation modeling (SEM), which placed enjoyment and intention to quit as mediators of employee turnover. The results strongly support the present model, but also suggest a role for opposite mediators, some of which are suggested for approaching query.Equity theory (Adams, 1963, 1965) continues to be a major model stimulating considerable research regarding school motivation in recent years (Bretz & Thomas, 1992 Carr, McLoughlin, Hodgson, & Maclachlan, 1996 rubbish & Wood, 1996 Greenberg, 1990 Harder, 1991, 1992 Huseman, Hatfield, & Miles, 1985, 1987 Johnson & Johnson, 1991 Joshi, 1990 King & Miles, 1994 King, Miles, & Day, 1993 Miles, Hatfield, & Huseman, 1994 Perry, 1993 Sheehan, 1993 Sweeney, 1990 Van Dierendonck, Schaufeli, & Sixma, 1994) . Briefly summarized, equity theory suggests that an employee compares the ratio of his or her outcomes to inputs to the ratio of outcomes to inputs of some referent other. Employees who perceive themselves in an inequitable situation give be dissatisfied and will try to reduce the inequity.Although Adams (1963,1965) provided a number of ways that employees might reduce inequity, research concerned with organizations has tended to focus on employee reactions to represent inequity, such as low performance and dissatisfaction (Greenberg, 1990). Leaving the situation (i.e., voluntary turnover) was also postulated as a tension reaction mode by Adams ( 1 963, 1965), but only a few studies flip examined the impact of inequity perceptions on turnover in the context of contemporary ideas regarding a turnover play (e.g., Horn & Griffeth, 1995 Mobley, 1977). The purpose of the present study is to test the relationship between equity perceptions and turnover within the context of such a contemporary turnover process model.The authors greatly appreciate the comments of Peter Hom, Debra Cohen, Peggy Lewis, and two anonymous reviewers on earlier versions of this paper.1018 GRIFFETH AND GAERTNEREarly research into the equity-turnover relationship, using aggregate rates of turnover, fix confused results. For example, Telly, French, and Scott (1971) found aggregated perceptions of equity within subunits of an organization to be evidentiaryly cerebrate to that subunits turnover rate for the previous 11 months on five of the seven dimensions (e.g., supervision, social aspects). Dittrich and Carrel1 ( 1 979) developed and tested a five-dimension measure of equity perceptions that they called the Organizational Fairness Questionnaire (OFQ).They found that the five factors ( pay off rules, pay administration, work pace, pay train, and rule administration) underlying the OFQ were not predictive of turnover rates by department. However, pay rules (a factor that combines co mparisons of ones own pay to that of coworkers with the integrity of the rules for granting pay increases and promotions) and work pace ( wanness of the supervisor in maintaining a fair pace of work activity) were predictive of absence. While not charterly predictive of turnover, employee perceptions of the lividness of pay rules and equality of pay among coworkers and of supervisor control of the work pace were strongly predictive of job satisfaction ( R 2 = S8).Equity and undivided TurnoverAt the individual level, tests of a direct relationship between equity perceptions and turnover have also had mixed results. For example, Oldham, Kulik, Ambrose, Stepina, and Brand ( 1 986) found that equity perceptions in combination with job complexity descriptions were marginally predictive ofturnover. Vecchio, Griffeth, and Homs (1986) initial findings were that perceptions of supervisor control over work-pace equity were significantly related to turnover. However, when leader-member exc hange quality was added, this variable fully mediated the equity-turnover relationship.Finally, Randall and Mueller (1995) found no significant direct relationships between turnover and distributive or procedural arbiter perceptions. They suggested two plausible explanations for this lack of significant findings. First, the effect of equity on turnover is not direct, but rather is mediated by several other variables such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention to stay. Second, a lack of alternative employment opportunities among the nurses in their sample induced them to stay despite possible inequities. This latter explanation seems less probable since turnover and shortage rates among nurses remained high into the mid-1990s (Hom & Griffeth, 1995).Another set of studies has examined the relationship of equity perceptions to intention to stay. The results in these studies have also been mixed. Scholl, Cooper, and McKenna ( 1 987) found that comparisons using o thers outside the company in similar jobs and comparisons of ones own pay in the past were significant predictors of turnover intentions. However, Ronen (1 986) found that neither equity referent (others inside the organization or others outside the organization) nor job level (skilled workers vs. managers) was significantlyrelated to turnover intentions. Finally, iceberg (1991) found that global perceptions of equity were significant predictors of intention to stay among television employees. Strictly speaking, however, Berg did not veridically measure equity. Instead, he asked employees to assess their perceptions of fairness without reference to some comparison other.Again, it seems plausible, especially based on Adams (1 963, 1965) theory, that jobdissatisfaction would be the immediate result of inequity perceptions, mediating the effects on turnover intentions and actual turnover. In conclusion, these studies show relatively weak or inconsistent support regarding the relation ship between inequity perceptions and turnover. There are several reasons for this inconsistency. First, all of these studies examined the direct influence of equity on turnover, generally ignoring the mediating role of felt tension of job dissatisfaction (Adams, 1963, 1965). Some studies attempted to link equity perceptions to intention to stay (or quit), a weak test of the equityturnover relationship.According to Steel and Ovalle (I 984), intention to quit is a relatively poor surrogate for actual turnover, typically accounting for less than 25% of turnover variance. Moreover, the earlier studies were unable to take advantage of recent advances in the study of turnover identifying the process of employee turnover (Horn & Griffeth, 1991, 1995 Hom, Griffeth, & Sellaro, 1984 Mobley, 1977). Contemporary turnover theorists posit a series of cognitive and affective linkages translatingjob dissatisfaction into turnover cognitions and behavior. Perhaps the major weakness of each of these studies was the omission of satisfaction as a mediating variable.More recent models that propose linkages between equity and turnover explicitly incorporate perception of equity as an exogenous variable that has an impact on turnover via job satisfaction and quit intentions (Hulin, Roznowski, & Hachiya, 1985 Price & Mueller, 198 1). Two studies have placed the equity-tumover relationship within the context of such a process model. Summers and Hendrix (1991) included perceptions of pay equity for comparisons with a generalized other (someone of similar knowledge, skills, and abilities), self (past), others inside the company, and others outside the company. Respondents were then asked to select the three most important referents. Only the equity perceptions with regard to the superstar most important referent were used as a measure of pay equity.Of respondents, 6% chose others outside of the company as their most important referent. A generalized other was the most frequently select ed, followed closely by self (past). The model test revealed a significant mediated relationship between pay equity and turnover. The significant and hypothesized intervening variables were pay satisfaction, overall job satisfaction, and intention toleave. Iverson and Roy (1994) performed a relatively comprehensive test of the Price and Mueller (1981, 1986) turnover model, which specifically includes elements of equity perceptions of various benefits and pay in relationship to coworkers. Although the correlation coefficient for the relationship between equity and job satisfaction was positive and significant, the hypothesized andrevised model yielded a disconfirming (also significant) relationship between the two variables.Such a reversal may be indicative of multicollinearity (Neter, Wasserman, & Kutner, 1990) and suggests that a more parsimonious model might be practical. A second weakness of this test of the equity-turnover relationship is the use of behavioral commitment, or in tention to stay, rather than actual turnover as the ultimate aquiline variable (Steel & Ovalle, 1984). However, both the hypothesized and the revised model confirm affect Cjob satisfaction) as a mediator of the relationship between equity and intention to stay. For both of the process model tests, the conceptualization of equity was narrowly limited to distributional outcomes, such as pay and benefits (Iverson & Roy, 1994 Summers & Hendrix, 1991) or to comparison others inside the organization (Iverson & Roy, 1994).Prior research has found multiple comparison others to be important and, although pay seems to dominate perceptions of equity (Berg, 1991 Scholl et al., 1987 Summers & Hendrix, 1991), other facets are also important (Oldham et al., 1986 Telly et al., 1971 Vecchio et al., 1986 Wilhelm, Herd, & Steiner, 1993). It is the primary purpose of the present investigation to reexamine the role of equity perceptions within the context of contemporary turnover theory and empirical r esearch at the individual level of analysis. Toward this end, a model of this process is developed and tested based on equity theory. Both the predictive and nomological validity of this model are examined using structural equation modeling (SEM). This model and the hypothesized relationships among the model constructs are shown in Figure 1.Model DevelopmentThe present model posits a turnover process initiated by perceptions ofinequity in relationship to three key determinants of job satisfaction pay satisfaction, satisfaction with ones supervisor, and satisfaction with the work itself. We postulate perceptions of inequity as determinants of these facets of job satisfaction, and, in doing so, we expand on two components of Adams (1 963, 1965) equity theory. First, Adams conceptualization of equity as concerned with the ratio of inputs to outcomes only (distributive justice) reflects the contemporaneous reason of justice.More recently, justice has been characterized as a process, a nd researchers have delineated two meaningful elements in addition to distributive justice as important to explaining perceptions of justice (Bies & Moag, 1986 Greenberg, 1990). These two elements are procedural justice, which refers to the rules and procedures used to arrive at the distribution of outcomes, and interactional justice, which refers to the way those who carry out the process relate to the recipient political party (Bies & Moag, 1986 Greenberg, 1990). While these elements tend to be highly correlated, each uniquely adds to our understanding of the justice perceptions and reactions to those perceptions (Folger & Konovsky, 1989 McFarlin & Sweeney, 1992).

Employment and Absenteeism Problem Essay

Absenteeism refers to unauthorised absence of the operationer from his job. According to Benefits Interface (Edited 2010 1 of 4) absenteeism apprize be defined as failure of employees to report for work when they are scheduled to work. Employees who are away from work on recognize holidays, vacations, approved leaves of absence allowed for under the collective agreement provisions are not included. In South Africa, managers consider absenteeism their most serious discipline line (Nadlangisa, 2003).Absenteeism is not unique to any particular geographical area or industry. It is a major problem for every organisation, particularly since downsizing and other proclivity changes have left employers with a smaller workforce (Grobler, Warnich, et al, 2006 123) According to a recent study conducted by AIC Insurance, companies and the countrys economy are losing to a greater extent than than R12 billion annually due to absenteeism in South Africa. In 2000, 0. 7 million workers were abse nt from work, which is a fraction compared to the 397% leap it took up until 2012 (Goldberg, 2012).Employees are a good deal considered to be a companys most valucapable asset and according to Hamilton-Atwell (2003 56-61) one of the best ways to increase profitably is by increase the returns on this asset. Reducing absenteeism is one of the most overlooked methods of reducing costs According to Goldberg (2012) managing absence is critical for all organisations, as the negative impact that they smelling with regards to efficiency, operations and cost- effectiveness is enormous. Whatever the causes, absenteeism is costing the country and its businesses heavily and therefore needs to be addressed.Many employers, however, choose to disregard the possibility that there may be issues in the workplace causing poor performance and absenteeism. It makes sound economic sense to address any such issues and pro-actively encourage improved employee performance. This query framework focuses o n a medium-sized local organisation, which has asked to not be mentioned. Therefore it shall be referred to as Organisation X. 3 2. Problem identification The failure to direct up for work creates problems of varying degrees for managers and administrators.Excessive employee absenteeism can decrease productivity and profits significantly, creating numerous problems for supervisors and the employees who work regularly (Carrell & Kuzmits, 1992 735). 2. 1. Problem Statement The motivation for this query will be discussed by highlighting problems related to employee absenteeism as experienced within Organisation X Main Problem Unauthorized employee absenteeism from Organisation X and the actions that might be implemented to reduce this due to the fact that absenteeism causes a liability to the company. Sub-ProblemsThe unauthorised employee absenteeism is jumper cableing to an overall decrease in i. Cost- effectiveness positiveness ii. Operations Production iii. Efficiency Competi tiveness 2. 2. Explanation of problems Financial Costs Overtime and agency costs for replacing workers are incurred. Administrative Costs ply time required to secure replacement employees and to re-assign the remaining employees. Staff time is required to maintain and control absenteeism. 4 Decrease in Productivity The employees that make love to work daily carry an extra workload and support new(a) or replacement staff.Also they are required to train and orient new or replacement workers, which cause them to neglect and disregard their own work. The work convention itself has a considerable stake in absenteeism, particularly with respect to morale. good deal in work groups are very sensitive to equity. If one member takes excessive and comprehend inappropriate absences without some equitable cost to that individual, other group members are often affected. They take revenge by going absent themselves, o lowering the productivity of the group as a whole (Furham, 2000 377). like ly reasons for the absenteeism rate in Organisation X Lack of commitment Employees are simply not interested in their work or concerned intimately the success of the organization. This can stem from low wages or low employee morale, which might be caused by poor treatment by management or an unpleasant working environment. Also the length of service within the company will determine the commitment to the work and the workplace. Lack of consequence The lack of consequences, e. g. no incentives for strong attendance or no punishment for poor attendance leads to increased absenteeism of the employees.Also employee packages that allow for a lot of absence can lead to workers abusing this. Poor working conditions Employees might feel that they receive poor treatment from managers, work in an unpleasant or stressful working environment, have desire working hours a lack of breaks, are given an excessive workload or there is too much strict supervision. Personal factors Although there is a fair bit of absenteeism that could have been neutralizeed, employees are often away from work for valid reasons. Examples may include domestic 5problems (bad housing conditions, family issues) and consequent worries, affable and religious causes, problems with transport facilities or accidents/ illnesses (Hamilton-Atwell, 2003 82-95) 2. 3. Research questions I. What are the main factors causing employees to be absent from work? II. Is one specific group of people more absent than another (e. g. male/female, old/young)? III. What are the current disciplinary actions within Organisation Xs Human Resource Department? IV. What is the behavior of the employees towards these disciplinary actions? V.What are the possible and most suitable solutions for Organisation X? 2. 4. Possible solutions for the absenteeism problem include, but are not limited to the following Consequences To avoid absenteeism as much as possible the company should implement positive/ negative consequences for st rong/ weak attendance. Examples may include offering rewards and incentives, e. g. monetary bonuses, plain raise or recognition (Employee of the month) for strong attendance and punish employees with poor records and unexcused absence (Gitman & McDaniel, 2008 248).Work-Life Balance According to Chick (2004 67) managers should allow employees to be able to have or create a work-life balance, as this can reduce the stress levels they are exposed to. Dual income households have increased over the lead decades and longer working hours are expected. Managers need to help their employees to manage the numerous and sometimes competing demands in their lives. Employees need to achieve a balance between their work responsibilities and their personal life (Gitman & McDaniel, 2008 251).Follow-ups The Supervisors need to sit down with the employees when they return from an absence to discuss the reason for absence, if the absence could have been 6 prevented and the implications of absenteeism on the company (if it is a common occurrence for this employee). 3. Hypotheses I. Females are more absent from work then men II. Individuals in any relationship are more absent than single III. Employees with children are more absent than those without children IV. Employees below 40 are absent from work more frequently V. Current disciplinary actions are not perceived as a reason for employees to reduce the absenteeism VI.Implementing other stricter disciplinary actions will reduce the rate of employee absenteeism 4. Objectives The Objectives of the project are To understand and analyze I. The main causes of absenteeism in Organisation X. II. The current disciplinary actions taken by the HR department for reducing absenteeism. III. The attitude of employees towards these disciplinary actions. IV. The factors to be considered in order to reduce absenteeism. V. Suggestions that can be given to the management to improve the regular attendance of the employees in the company.

Environmental impacts Essay

Environmental impacts of fuel utilization embr cover critical issues such(prenominal) as resource and pollutant issues. The analysis on quantifying the extent should include greenhouse gas emissions and its effect to the environment. Worldwide, the demand for biofuels has been increasing dramatically. With the fast depleting fossil fuels, current initiatives to attain nada sufficiency and sustainability is being pursued with biofuels as one(a) of the picks, Moreover, the utilization of alternative fuels is being proposed to address current environmental issues on global warming.Studies on biofuels, specifically bioethanol and biodiesel showed promising results in reducing GHG emissions and in twist around create a positive impact on the environment. Given the increasing demand for biofuels, benefits brought about by its utilization is expected to be significant specifically on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. While there are issues on devour use and energy balance fo r biofuels, extensive research should be conducted in invest to identify the most viable biofuel feedstock as well as other aspects in its production and utilization. IntroductionBiofuel refers to fuels made from biomass and primarily apply for motive, thermal and power generation. The earliest experiences in combustion were with the utilization of solid biofuels for domestic needs. Later, liquid biofuels became equally valuable energy resources. Years before the baring of petroleum, ethanol was already being used as lamp fuel. By 1860, distilleries in the United States of America produced at least 90 million gallons of alcohol per yr for lighting. Vegetable oils were withal found to be good home heating oils and engine fuels for stationary power systems.Rudolf Diesel has originally invented the diesel engine to direct on vegetable oil specifically from peanut. Samuel Morey developed an engine that ran on ethanol and turpentine as early as 1826. Nikolaus Otto, the German inven tor who is trump out known for his development of a modern internal combustion engine, used ethanol as the fuel in one of his engines in the year 1860. henry Fords scratch line automobile was fuelled by pure ethanol. He also fabricated the first flexible fuel vehicle (Model T in 1903) which is fuelled by either gasoline or ethanol or by a mixture of both.Cars and other vehicles, however, begun running on cheap crude oil or petroleum as soon as reserves were discovered in the United States of America. Nevertheless, biofuels remained master(prenominal) energy resources competing with imported oil in countries such as Germany and Great Britain up to the close of World War II. Biodiesel Biodiesel, classified as a renewable and biodegradable diesel fuel which is produced thru extraction of indispensable fats and oils. It can substantially reduce green house gas emission due to its low sulfur content. It is now parking arealy used in non-homogeneous parts of the world.Biodiesel can replace petroleum diesel in both the transport and non-transport applications. A exchange in the utilization of alternative energy resources (including alternative fuels) will change the total demand for biodiesel as well as the level of utilization in specific applications. Bioethanol Bioethanol is a high-octane, water-free alcohol produced from the fermentation of scratch or other converted biomass. In its purest form it is a colorless clear liquid with mild characteristic odor that boils at 78oC and freezes at 112oC (www. doe. gov. ph). ethanol burns much cleanly because it contains oxygen and has a high octane number, hence less carbon monoxide emissions and averts premature detonation. It burns slightly cooler, extending engine life, and promotes higher volumetric efficiency of the engine, thus, increases power. Adding ethanol to gasoline oxygenates the fuel so that it burns with less emissions. Most modern gasoline vehicles could operate on pure ethanol with a few basic e ngine modifications. A 10% blend requires no engine modification while making a contribution to reducing emissions.Anything more than 10% requires engine modification (www. doe. gov. ph). The other commercial blends are E15 (U. S. A. ), E20 (Brazil), E85 (Sweden and Minnesota), and E100 (used with 4% water in Brazil and Argentina). Fuel ethanol is primarily used for land transport as alternative to gasoline in spark-ignition engines. Other Biofuels The potentials of other alcohols such as methanol, propanol and butanol can be exhaustively explored for genuinely specific future applications that can further increase the total amount of biofuel substitute to conventional fossil and fossil derived fuels.Methanol produced from biomass is not economically warring at present. There is, however, an interesting possibility as alternative to hydrogen as fuel. Propanol and butanol can be produced by the action of microorganisms and enzymes. Butanol, specially, is produced by fermentation i n a process that can be modified for high net enegy gains. It has sufficiently similar characteristics with gasoline fuel such that there is high probability that it can be burned pure in existing commercial engines without modification and without any difficulty.There are other important biofuels such as biogas, charcoal, producer gas, etc. They can be processed and utilized in accordance with the provisions of existing laws, rules, regulations and standards. Studies are conducted in order that these important biofuels can be integrated into the biofuels program in a package for both energy and socio-economic objectives. Other First Generation Biofuels The most common First Generation Biofuel is biogas which is a product of anaerobic digestion of organic materials an example of which is methane from wastes. Both the gas and digestate can be used as fuel.The utilization is usually site specific because of the environmental implications of production. A number of big commercial farm s are producing and using biogas from wastes for process heating and the generation of supplementary power. Another first generation biofuel is Charcoal which is the product of the carbonization of hydrocarbon materials including wastes. Producer gas is from the gasification of hydrocarbon feedstock. In the late seventies, this fuel was utilized as engine fuel. The gas was generated from small timberland chips fed into a reactor mounted unto the vehicle.Second-generation Biofuels Second generation biofuels are those from lignocellulosic biomass feedstock using advanced technical processes. Being currently developed are BioHydrogen, Bio- dimethylether (Bio-DME), Biomethanol, dimethylfuran (DMF), richly Temperature Upgrading (HTU) diesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, Mixed Alcohols (http//www. export. gov). Biofuels, A Preferred Energy Source The earliest experiences in combustion were with the utilization of solid biofuels for domestic needs. Later, liquid biofuels became equally valuab le energy resources.In the aftermath of the war, abundance of cheap crude oil from the Middle East brought about the reduced interest in biofuels. The oil crises of 1973 and 1979, however, brought about urgent need for extenders and substitutes, temporarily focusing attention on the endemical and renewable biofuels. In locating of the rising prices (Figure 1) as well as the uncertainty of egress of crude oil and the increasing greenhouse gas emissions, it is time for a major shift in the energy mix towards the use of cleaner indigenous renewable energy in the interest of energy security, the economy and the environment.The start of the present decade ushered in the realization that the era of cheap fossil fuels, particularly petroleum, is drawing to a close. Figure 2 shows the historical and projected petroleum contribution to the world energy mix. The rising oil prices shall persist not barely because of depletion of reserves but also because of the continuing political instabi lity in the Middle East. Developing countries shall soon find it difficult to compete for access. There is also the matter of worsening green house gas emissions from excessive burning of fossil fuels.Continuing dependence on crude oil, therefore, is disadvantageous in terms of national security, the economy and the environment. Figure 3 shows the projected greenhouse gases emissions from developed and developing countries based on historical human and natural emissions. In view of the rising prices as well as the uncertainty of supply of crude oil and the increasing greenhouse gas emissions, it is time for a major shift in the energy mix towards the use of cleaner indigenous renewable energy in the interest of energy security, the economy and the environment.

Touching the Void: Moitivational Theories

Touching the Void is an inspiring story or so the power of the human will. To my surprise, the film left me emotionally spent as it touched on the issues of friendship, mortality and survival. I am sure many of my classmates will agree that it is an amazing story. But, for me, the thing that makes it truly inspirational is the way that Joe never gave up. In this instruct paper I intend to show how Self Determination and Goal Setting theory influenced Joes inspiring story of survival.Self Determination surmise Self-Determination Theory draws from the research that people are inherently active organisms that strive for positive interactions with the environment (Class Lecture, February 3rd 2011). The theory suggests that people have triple psychological needs that must(prenominal) be satisfied to initiate and regulate everyday conduct. In addition, the theory also specifies that satisfaction of these needs also enhances immanent motivation (Deci & Ryan, 1985b, as cited in reeve 2 008).Intrinsic motivation is self-directed process which leads to more interest found behaviour rather than behaviour based on external rewards (Deci & Ryan, 1985b, as cited in Reeve 2008). The first psychological need is to feel a sense of autonomy in performing an activity. main(a) behaviour involves having an internal locus of control and freedom to determine own behaviour. Autonomy is maturationd by having a choice, flexibility and opportunities for self direction (Reeve & Jang, 2006, as cited in Reeve 2008).The second need is having a sense of relatedness. This can be achieved by having close relationships with people who care about you (Baumeister & Leary, 1995, as cited in Reeve 2008). The third fundamental need is to perceive competence in relation to an activity. Competence is increased by engaging in activities that facilate optimal contend and provides effective feedback (Deci & Ryan, 1985b, as cited in Reeve 2008). Self Determination theory provides us with a very app licable framework to understand Joes behaviour during his fight to stay alive.As noted by Professor Nisbet in class, intrinsic motivation is generally inherent in people and, can extend out of peoples need for autonomy, relatedness and competence. There are many benefits an individual can attain by embracing intrinsic motivation. One of these benefits is the magnificence of persistence on a challenging task (Deci & Ryan, 1985b, as cited in Reeve 2008). There are numerous occasions during the film which persistence on a task is evident. Immediately after Joe breaks his leg, it obvious the persistence level of both climbers begins to escalate.Although both men know that a broken leg during a mountain ascent is likely fatal, they still persistent and work toward the goals of reaching the bottom. Joe is in excruciating pain but he continues on simply because in that location are no other options. There comes a point in the film where Joe is alone, and he continues to fight even thoug h his hope of survival is slipping. Joe describes a constant voice in his head that urges him to keep going. I believe that Joes inner voice represents his continued persistence and determination to survive.It is benefit that Joes high level of persistence allowed him to push him forward when he felt like giving up. Goal Setting Theory Goal ground theory is based on the idea that specific, difficult goals lead to higher task performance than do easy goals (Locke & Latham, 1990 Mento, Steel & Karren, 1987 Tubbs, 1986, as cited in Reeve 2008). Before difficult and specific goals can raise performance, the concept of goal acceptance must take place within an individual. In general, the individual must decide either to accept or reject the goal.If the goal is both accepted, it will enhance performance and facilitate goal commitment (Erez & Kanfer, 1983, as cited in Reeve 2008). In addition, Because goals refer to a future ideal state, setting goals may uncover discrepancy between a pr esent and ideal state. This mate between present and ideal state will motivate an individual to achieve an ideal state and modify an ineffective plan if necessary. (Campion & Lord, 1982, as cited in Reeve 2008). Joes survival story is a testament to how to effective goal setting can be.With no food, no water frostbitten fingers, and a shattered leg Joe comes to the conclusion that if he wants to survive he must set definite targets for himself. Faced with an enormous task, Joe consistently sets small specific, attainable goals to increase the chances of his survival. For example, Joe would challenge himself to crawl to a particular rock within twenty minutes. When he got there, he set himself another goal, and then another. This is how Joes managed to mentally deal with the ostensibly impossible task of getting to the bottom of the mountain.In summary, Touching the Void is an astonishing story of determination and persistence and it probably says more to me about goal-setting than anything else I have ever watched. By focusing on Joes 3 psychological needs and goal setting motives, we have learned much about the reasons why Joe never gave up. Although it may seem unrealistic to compare how Joe survived a life and death ordeal to our ordinary lives, extreme stories like this help us understand what drives motivational behaviours in everyday situations.

Impact of Market Revolution Essay

The end of the war of 1812 brought a large amount of pride to the Americans. From then on came about the point revolution which brought about many changes. The major sky from an agrarian to an industrial economy introduced various changes not just in politics but at the lives of many americans. The beginning of the foodstuff revolution marked the ending of the Federalist presence in the government while introducing a variety of modifications to the jeffersonian-republican party. These economical and political changes gave about notable chances in the status of labor, the twelvemonth structure ultimately affecting the lives of american families. The market economy introduced many changes to the job industry by vainglorious rise to the industrial worker just about notably in sweet england. The many mills during the early 19th century were composed of women who seeked to better themselves, in part these women had to submit to their boses will when it came to their unstable br ibe.Even so the vast amounts of jobs that were left unfulfil conduct gave rise to immigration from Europe. The introduction to the Irish and German immigrants gave rise to wage jobs from skilled jobs which erupted many notable riots from the residents around New England. The waged workers were regarded as wage slaves by many riots due to them having a job that consumed most of their time as well as because of the unstable wages. These eventually led up to the creation of various workingmen parties. The most notable change that occurred during the 1820s was the rise of the new middle class which included doctors and teachers just to name a few. and the fall of the artisan class. This gave rise to the merchants in the class structure as they were the most benefited from the market revolution. The classes played a very important role during the market revolution. The difference of sexuality affecting wages still persisted. Even so, the rise of education during the wink great awakening allowed for better opportunities to become a self made man diminishing the dependence of workers on their bosses.The most affected thing during the market revolution was perhaps the life of american families. The role of the wife and the children changed to a certain point. The wife was expected to provide emotional and spiritual to the husband and her children and compassionate this being what the cult ofdomesticity promoted. The increasing economic gap between the rich and the poor prevented excessive breeding this being due to the economic burden that children were viewed as. This led to the increase of child labor in industrial factories and mills.The market revolution brought many changes with it these heavily influencing the status of labor, the class structure ultimately impacting american families. The shift from an agrarian republic brought changes such as waged jobs while introducing a great influx of immigrants. The widening gap between the rich and the poor were in its part negative but in its part was positive when it came to education. The life of american families was perhaps the most affected with the introduction of the cult of domesticity and the ideals that better movements engraved on married womenPlanningStatus of LaborPeople began to work on a timely scheduleReceived hourly wagesDevelopment of industries and factoriesSeed drill, reaper, cotton gin, steel plow increased production rates and made work easierSamuel Slaters American Factory governing bodyLowell textile MillsWorkforce composed of womenYoung unmarried women hiredMostly from farmsUnder the promise of wages Unstable WagesClass structureArtisans were going down the social classWomen and children were inferior to menreceived lower wages than menWealthy merchants were going up the social classere heads of industries and factories

Small Scale Production of Yogurt

SMALL SCALE PRODUCTION OF YOGURT Yogurt is a sour milk product. Its sour taste is attributed to the presence of lactic erosive yielded by bacteria through fermentation. Bacteria that are commonly used in yoghurt production are Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. These bacteria have the susceptibility to break down sugars in the milk producing lactate or lactic acid as by-product. Below is a step-by-step procedure in the production of yogurt. Find out from the procedure why yogurt has low fat content.Note Practice aseptic technique. Wash hands before proceeding and wear science research lab gown, head cap, latex gloves and if necessary, facial mask to prevent unwanted contamination of the pre-yogurt miscellany. Ingredients (good for one group) 1. 500 mL homogenized pasteurized milk (to be bought and brought as 1L pack good for two groups) to be provided 2. 15 grams skim milk powder (SMP) 3. 50 grams refined sugar 4. 40 ml starter culture bacteria from natura l yoghurt prepared as follows % skim milk powder in dis banked water, yoghurt or yakult, incubated at 43o to 46o for 3 to 4 hours till clotted Procedure 1. In a clean container, cautiously transfer the milk and carefully dissolve the SMP and sugar. Cover with aluminum foil and heat the mixture at 90oC (water bath) for 10 minutes. 2. Cool down to 50oC in a bath of ice water. 3. Meanwhile shake the culture of the starter bacteria to free it from lumps and carefully add (inoculate) to the milk. Make sure that the temperature of the container is cool enough to touch.Mix to evenly distribute the starter culture. 5. Transfer the inoculated milk into the plastic container provided. Seal the lid with masking attach and label the container properly (group number, section and instructor). 6. Incubate the milk at 43oC to 46oC in an incubator overnight. At this point this will be taken cared of by the lab technicians and will be chilled at 4C thereafter. Reference Davide, Clara L. 1996. Micro bial Production of Yoghurt and Cheese. Training Seminar sponsored by PSM held at Ateneo de Manila, January 29-30.

Universal Healthcare in the US

Explain how access, quality, and be is improved in your new system by state the following questions 3. What economic bushel depart these changes bring? Scope and Size of the US Healthcare organisation The US wellnesscare delivery system Is massive.Total employment In various settings Is almost 10 million, which Includes professionally active doctors of medicine(Meds) 744,000 Active nurses Dentist Pharmacists Healthcare Administrators 168,000 226,000 700,000 Therapists(physical, occupational, and speech) Hospitals Nursing Homes In-patient mental faceless 5,760 16,100 4,300 Federal health centers(undeserved arcadian and urban areas) 325,000 ,700 clinical cites Medical Schools dental Schools Pharmacy Schools Nursing Programs 150 91 1,500 Americans with private health damages Medicare Beneficiaries Medicaid recipients Health Insurance Companies 41 42500,oho 1,300 Retrieved from bailiwick Center for Health Statistics 2006 sober Cross Blue Shield Association American Health Ins urance Plans 2009 Kaiser Family Foundation Commission on Medical and the uninsurable 2008 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy 2009 American Association of Medical Colleges 2010 American Dental Education Escalation 2009 and the National Association of Community Health centers 2009. Exhibit Show Supply and pack Curve as Demand change with attachd access Access We propose to behave for our universal healthcare plan through the Implementation of a 5 percent value-added tax (VAT). Revenue from the tax could non be diverted to other drug abuses such as the military or Social Security.No other tax revenues would be apply to that we now spend on health care. The money would simply be collected in a more equitable way and spent more rationally, avoiding waste and excessive administrative costs. Under a VAT system, consumption is taxed throughout the chain of production, not just at the point of consumer purchases. When a manufacturing business purchases raw materials from a supplier, it pays a tax to the goernment when the manufacturer turns around and sells the good to the retailer, the retailer over again pays a tax with its purchase and the consumer pays the VAT when he or she barter fors the final product from the retailer. The amount that each(prenominal) player pays is a fixed percentage of the transaction price.Under this plan, the government insists that all insurers offer the same broad benefits to everyone, including office and home visits, hospitalizing, preventive screening tests, prescription drugs, some dental care, inpatient and outpatient mental health care, and physical and occupational therapy. (Individuals who want to purchase reportage for additional services like caretaker medicine, experimental drugs for somber originators, complementary medicines or more mental health benefits could do so. ) Under the proposal, all Americans would receive a health certificate entitling the individual or family to enroll in the health care plan of their choice. In most cases, they would keep their current physician.The certificate would not be a cash in card to buy services instead, it would be a voucher that gives the individual or family the eight to enroll in some(prenominal) insurance plan they choose. The vouchers are of equal value, and the health plans must all offer the same ample package of benefits. No one would be forced to buy insurance everyone would simply receive a voucher that entitled them to an equal place in our health care system, at no charge. This political platform would replace employer-based insurance with insurance that offers generous benefits to everyone who is not now covered by Medicare, Medicaid or the assert Childrens Health Insurance Program.Today, the average state spends more than one-third of its budget on health insurance for state employees, Medicaid and SHIP. Any one already qualified for one of these three programs could switch to the universal coverage and inwardly 10 to 15 years we could phase out those state and federally sponsored programs. This would free-up revenue to be used to rebuild some of the deteriorating infrastructure in America such as falling bridge over and city water reclamation services. This would create Jobs for the economy. Transaction price. The VAT is as reliable a cash cow as youre going to find It can generate an enormous amount of money at a relatively low tax rate. 5% for this proposal) For example, a median-income family earning $50,000 a year might well(p) spend the entire $50,000 on housing, food, utilities, clothing, transportation, etc. Under a 5 percent VAT, that family would pay $2500 a year to help fund universal coverage. But, in return, it would receive health insurance worth at least $12,500 (the going price for an employer-based family plan). This VAT tax proposal is four-fold It faces up to the fact that reform wont pay for itself, and It offers a funding mechanism that is fair and efficient and could deliv er high-quality care nationwide. It regulates insurers, forcing them to concentrate on quality.Finally, and maybe cost importantly, this plan insulates our health care system from the lobbyists who, today, have far too much require over our health care system. Lengthy faceing times for treatment. Many Canadians, that can afford it, change of location America to receive treatment due to the inefficiency in their own healthcare system. Canadians also averaged 17 weeks wait time for general practitioner referrals to treatments in 2008 (Small, 2009). This is so called health care is nothing more than a bunch of bureaucratic red tape meeting extensive waiting lists and increasing patient suffering. planetary health care has no exceptions to the rules nor of patients ell being in mind. Matter of fact no matter what your condition there is no disparities of care.It is unfair to the healthy tax payers because it gives people, who smoke, drink, do drugs and eat unhealthy unfair benefits within the health care system. Universal health care will become a melting crapper of sick and unhealthy people thus increasing the cost to keep the program alive. Taxpayers, doctors and insurance companies will suffer economic hardships. Nationalized health care cost will be absorbed by employers and employees. unfortunately the incurred cost will not stop at the employers. The majority of employers will pass the cost increase onto the employees and the consumers. The cost of goods will steadily increase as a natural cost adjustment to the unceasing rising of health care expenses. These rising costs will have a deep impact on the economy.Not only will health care raise but so will the cost of goods and services to try and keep up with the market. The resulting factor is individuals will pay higher income taxes, even as they pay increased health care costs, reducing their ability to support families or save for retirement (McBride, 2007). Americans will not only suffer airdrops with rising taxes but many will suffer the huge blow of unemployment. The universal health care program will decisively eliminate the need for health insurance companies to exist. The resulting factor is thousands of people nationwide will be unemployed. The end result will be increased taxes, goods and services and mass unemployment but we will still have health care for all.This is not a good situation, this plan will bankrupt the American economy and slowly strangle everyone into a virtually unrecoverable downward spiral of indebtedness. Read more http//www. Essays. Com/essays/sociology/impact-universal-health-care- as-on-doctors-and-insurance-companies-sociology-essay. PHixzz2VfunmylJT large body of look into in recent years. There is ample empirical evidence that economic resources are associated with health outcomes. Studies to envision have consistently shown that income and wealth improve such health indicators as mortality, incidence of diseases, and self-reported healt h status. composition the association between health and economic resources is well documented and accepted, there is considerable disagreement over its source.Economists have been more interested in the effect of health on economic well-being, arguing that paltry lath (disability, chronic disease and the like) affects labor market outcomes and ultimately individual resources, while medical scientists have worried instead that background differences in economic resources and socioeconomic variables determine differences in health outcomes. The framework that we use to analyze the connection between income and health takes into account the potential two-way causation between health and economic resources. We then use information on health care quality to investigate the grandeur of quality on such economic variables as health inequality, income inequality and saving behavior.